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The first picture is the flywheel.  On most piston aircraft engines, the flywheel is really the propeller. This is much lighter than a regular flywheel and has some interesting things attached to it. In the center is a series of very strong permanent magnets that form the moving part of the 20amp alternator. The two black shapes on opposite ends are, a counter weight and the moving part of the magnetos.  One mag will be mounted at the top of the engine and one at the bottom. This gives you two separate spark sources without the electrical system running.

The second picture is the starter.
      The first picture is of the rockers and rocker arms. The second picture is of the studs that hold the cylinders and heads to the engine.